Penélope Cruzado-Caballeroa, Leonardo S. Filippi, Ariel H. Méndez, Alberto C. Garrido and Rubén D. Juárez Valieri

Ornithopods are the least known dinosaurs within the Upper Cretaceous record of Argentina. For this rea-son every new record is very important to know their evolution in South America. Here, we describe a new remain of an indeterminate ornithopod recovered in the Petrobrasaurus quarry of the Puesto Hernández area, northeastern Neuquén province (Argentina), late Coniacian–early Santonian in age. MAU-Pv-PH-458 is the northernmost bone record of an ornithopod in Argentina. This is a fragmentary neural arch fromthe middle section of the dorsal series of similar size to Macrogryphosaurus gondwanicus. MAU-Pv-PH-458 has typical ornithopod characters such as a lateromedial narrow neural spine and transverse processes dorsoposteriorly to posteriorly oriented. It shares with Macrogryphosaurus the presence of a deep cannel between the bases of the postzygapophysis, which is a continuation of the channel that separates the postzygapophyses in posterior view. MAU-Pv-PH-458 increases the ornithopod record from the Plottier Formation.

Ariana Paulina Carabajal, Juan I. Canale, and Alejandro Haluza

Report a new rebbachisaurid material recovered from the Candeleros Formation (Cenomanian) of northwest Patagonia, Argentina. The cranial remains consist of a partial braincase and a right quadrate. Fractures in the braincase exposed the endocranial cavity, allowing the first study of the brain and inner ear morphologies of a South American rebbachisaurid. The braincase and cranial endocast both exhibit traits similar to those observed in the Cretaceous rebbachisaurs Nigersaurus from Africa and Limaysaurus from Argentina, although in terms of osteology, the South American taxa are highly similar. The endocast is more similar to that of Nigersaurus than to those of Diplodocus and Camarasaurus, suggesting some probable rebbachisaurid features such as the noteworthy presence of the flocculus. The overall morphology of the quadrate shows similarities with Limaysaurus and Nigersaurus. However, differences such as the broader posterior fossa and the shape and orientation of the head and the pterygoid process indicate that the new specimen could represent a distinct taxon.

Ariana Paulina Carabajal, Juan I. Canale & Alejandro Haluza (2016): New rebbachisaurid cranial remains (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) from the Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina, and the first endocranial description for a South American representative of the clade, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2016.1167067

Jeffrey A. Wilson, Diego Pol, Alberto B. Carvalho & Hussam Zaher

Although Titanosauria is the most diverse and late-surviving sauropod lineage, cranial elements are known for just over 24 of its 70+ genera – the vast majority of which are fairly fragmentary and restricted to the Late Cretaceous. Only three complete titanosaur skulls have been described to date; two of these are from the latest Cretaceous (Nemegtosaurus, Rapetosaurus), and the third, Tapuiasaurus, is from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian). In this contribution, we build on the initial treatment of the taxon by providing a complete description of the cranial elements that benefits from additional preparation and computed tomography imaging. We identify six additional features diagnosing Tapuiasaurus macedoi, including a jugal with an elongate lacrimal process forming much of the posteroventral border of the antorbital fenestra, a lateral temporal fenestra divided by a second squamosal–postorbital contact, and upper jaw teeth with labial wear facets. We directed the new morphological data in Tapuiasaurus as well as other observations towards a re-analysis of its phylogenetic position within Titanosauria. Our analysis yielded 34 most parsimonious trees, most of which recovered Tapuiasaurus in a basal position adjacent to the Early Cretaceous taxa Malawisaurus and Tangvayosaurus, but two trees recovered it within Late Cretaceous nemegtosaurids. We explored the effects of missing data and missing stratigraphic ranges on our results, concluding that (1) when missing data levels are high, resolution of even small amounts of that missing data can have dramatic effects on topology, (2) taxa that are mostly scored for characters that cannot be scored in other taxa may be topologically unstable and (3) there were several suboptimal trees that had greatly improved stratigraphic fit with relatively little compromise in terms of tree length.

Jeffrey A. Wilson, Diego Pol, Alberto B. Carvalho  and Hussam Zaher (2016) The skull of the titanosaur Tapuiasaurus macedoi (Dinosauria: Sauropoda), a basal titanosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12420